Relationship of US with China during Cold War Research Paper

Relationship of US with China during Cold War - Research Paper Example However, there were regional wars and civil wars in some parts of the world including China, Vietnam, Korea and even Afghanistan (Sinha 8-11). The entire Cold War period was therefore plainly dominated by international affairs. The history of US relations with China can be traced back to the time during the Second World War and after the Second World War. During the Second World War, the U.S government helped China win a war against Japan in 1937 when Japan first invaded the Chinese territories bordering the coast. This was the beginning of a relationship between the two states. Japan invasions on China did not stop even after the war of 1937; Japan still continued to attack the Chinese territories along the Coast. The American president at the time-Roosevelt further pitied China and what its citizens were being subjected to by the Japanese and decide to offer more military aid (Jonathan 412). Something that really annoyed the Japanese and provoked them to launch an attack first on a British vessel ferrying American citizens and later on Pearl Harbor- United Sates Territory of Hawaii on December 7th 1941. This forced America to retaliate with full force and signified the entry of America in the Second Worl d War. Despite the financial support and military aid to China during and after the World War Two, the Chinese leader of the time-Chiang never liked the Americans. In fact he remained quite suspicious of their motives and interests in his country (Jonathan 413). At this time, even though the Chinese leaders had allowed Americans in China, the two nations differed significantly on ideological grounds. With American continued spread of democracy in different parts Asia, China advocated for nationalism, Chiang himself openly claimed that the ideology of democracy was practically impossible in China and went on to even introduce a ban on democracy in China (Jonathan 415). In a different

The Education Sector of Tanzania Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10250 words

The Education Sector of Tanzania - Dissertation Example The creation of the MIS model will serve the purposes of empowering decision makers and the creation of capacity to deliver better education services across the sector. In the area of requirements analysis, the creation of the specification for the MIS model was executed through the incorporation of national and international standards of education, regarding the needs of the users of the Tanzanian education sector. Communication with the users was executed through interviews, as this model offered unbiased information on the viewpoints of the user population. Feedback surveys were also helpful towards reaching the desired information base, as collected from social networking and other ICT-related data sites. Areas of constraints included the vague knowledge of the specifications desired by the user population, the unreasonable timelines of the end-users, and the communication gap between implementation teams and the end-user population. The rationales for the choices made were based on rationale capture and rationale representation, which were verified using argument-based choices. The software requirements specification was designed to emphasize on and foster the usage of management information systems throughout the creation, processing, and consumption of information. Performance indicators revolved around the service delivery of service personnel to the documentation of students and offering a complete picture of the educations sector. The features of the model under implementation include capturing baseline statistics like the demography of users to school performance capacities. Data flow across the sector was created to improve the practice and quality of management across the different user groups. INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONALITY OF THE MIS MODEL UNDER CREATION The education sector at Tanzania has historically faced numerous challenges, including the lack of basic infrastructure like electricity at local schools, and the in-availabili ty of national funding to foster the educational management standards of these schools. One area that has been redundant in the Tanzanian education sector is the level of access to data and the infrastructure required to manage these databases. Following these areas of deficiency, the Tanzanian sector, just like the case of other Eastern Africa countries, the respective education sectors have not been run and managed in a proper manner. The case is worse among the publicly funded schools, which fully depend on the input of the government – this happens in the area of implementations of technological infrastructure, steered towards educational improvement.

Contract of Employment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Contract of Employment - Essay Example The intervening world wars in the first half of the 20th century put paid to any thought about advancement in the labour cause. The concept of modern day Employment Law Act began with the Equal Pay Act of 1970. It came into effect in 1972. The most prominent segment of this act was that it strengthened the efforts to bring about equality for women in the workplace (The Equal Pay Act 1970 (Amendment) Regulation 2003). Since1997 and the election of the Labour Government there have been many changes in the UK employment law. These include enhanced maternity and paternity rights, the introduction of a National Minimum Wage and the Working Time Directive which covers working time, rest breaks and the right to paid annual leave. Likewise, discrimination law has been tightened with protection from discrimination now available on the grounds of age, religion or belief and sexual orientation as well as gender, race and disability (Industrial relations under new Labour: an update). Today terms and conditions governing employer-employee relations are not as open as they ought to be and they are complex. They are lop-sided, not quite reasonable, geared to human resource development but simultaneously businesslike. The present day terms and conditions swear by natural justice, however there are disciplinary procedures, provides little scope for protection from unfair treatment, prefer counseling, and sets clear performance standards. Now terms and conditions are two different terminologies. The dictionary describes terms as "words used to define certain concept" and condition as "a stipulation" (Illustrated Oxford Dictionary). In the issue of labour, terms are concepts that describe the working relation the company has with the employee and conditions are stipulations that describe the reward or penalty for duty performed or misdemeanors committed. The United Kingdom has in place employment legislations that addresses human resources development issues and also makes it difficult for employers to carry out unfair dismissals. These legislations succinctly cover almost all nature of employment and human resource problems. However, employers hold the trump cards. Employer-employee problems Problems in employer-employee relations happen when management is primarily insensitive to human

The university and colleges authorities Essay Example for Free

The university and colleges authorities Essay Blogging presents the users with a unique opportunity to express themselves and air their views on different issues. It gives the students a chance to communicate with their peers on different issue. To many this is an opportunity to tell others what one believes or feels concerning a certain issue. It also gives the user a chance to earn some income depending on the number of people who respond to the issues raised by the person initiating the blog. Basically what is a blog? Blog has been described as a term which is used to describe those website which maintain a continuos series of information which is arranged in a systematic manner. By systematic I mean the information is a arranged according to the time that it was posted. The site is frequently updated . This from of communication dwells on various issues from personal to politics. One can focus on a wide issue or a narrow one depending on ones wish. Therefore blog can be fun informative,entertaining and at the same time it can be used as atool of spreading malicious information concerning a person or a group of people. At the same time blog can be used to offend a certain person or a society. (Bruns, A and Joanne J 2006) Blogging can be used for various purposes by different people,in colleges and universities it has become a tool where students attack each other through posting information which can damage a personal character. Although the American constitution through the first amendment guarantees every citizen the freedom of speech the authorities in the laerning institution should control the use of blog to pass information which can interfere with other students learning process. Hate speeches are common among the students in our laerning institutions,internet has played a very big role in promoting this culture as students can post hate speeches anonymously in the internet. Since access to the websites which provide blog is not restricted to any user anybody can bump on such information. Through reading the content one may feel disoriented and will be affected negatively by the message. This will affect the person phychologically and may go to an extent of affecting the student education depending on the kind of message or information that was relayed. (Kline, D and Burstein, D. 2007 34) Restricting blog which are mostly used to insult and demean others is the best thing that can happen in our institution of higher learning. This will ensure that the learning process is smooth if all the other factors remain constant. This will also guarantee each and every srudents right to a dignified life in the institution. It will protect the most vulnerable group as far as hate speech is concerned. The most tergeted groups include the women,people from different races,disabled or basically those students who have some weakness as far as the college society is concerned. These are people who need protection since they are prone to such henous acts which can leave them traumatized to an extent where their education is intefered with. (Ringmar, E 2007 56) The freedom guaranteed by the American constitution does not give us a leeway to spread rumors against others, pass on some information which can hurt other people or even more give messages which are inciting in nature or pass on messages with a purpose of hurting others. The law clearly spells out that such an action would be tantamount to interfering with other people’s affairs in a manner that suggests that one is malicious and at the same time lacks respect for the others. Regulation of blogs which spread such kind of message will ensure that those vulnerable groups are protected from those malicious people who are only interested in hurting other people’s emotions. The universities authorities ought to take the first step in getting all those culprits who are out to hurt other feeling. Though such a move may attract great opposition it is a move in the right direction as the same constitution that promotes free speech articulates clearly the rights of very American to lead a decent life. Blogs which promote such kind information do not only violate a person freedom but also affects their lives. One may argue that why put so much emphasize on the blogs yet hate speeches are made day and day out in our colleges. One has to appreciate that internet is accessed by many people who are not restricted from visiting sites especially those which largely deals with the blog. This means that if a negative or a hate speech is posted targeting a certain group the message will spread far and wide within a very short time. This will affect the targeted people emotionally and psychologically because they may not be in a position to react or behave different in such circumstances. (Bruns, A and Joanne J 2006 38) Emergence of blog has presented some very complicated issues concerning the rights of those who may be targeted by some of the information posted. There have been several cases which have been filed touching on blog and hate speech. It is a form of defamation where perpetrators can be sued in a court of law. May be to start with ,the authorities in our learning institution should sue such character as their aim is harm others while trying to make themselves popular. Through such an action they will be moving in the right direction in curbing such practices in the institutions where students are supposed to be nurtured in a manner where they respect each other. It might be difficult to unmask some of the bloggers who use anonymous addresses but with the advancement of technology this should be an easy task. Involvement of internet service providers in unmasking these malicious people would yield some fruits since they have the proper machinery in netting the culprits. The effects of hate speech have far much reaching effects especially for the students who can be very vulnerable due to their conditions. It impacts some form of resentment to a certain group of people especially those who have characteristics which the blogger writes against. It may also lead to withdrawal of the victim as they tend to come to terms with the message being relayed. This means that the student will not be in a position to concentrate in their studies. (Alavi, N. 2005 26) The university and colleges authorities should not only aim at curbing the practice but should embark on a program where the students are sensitized on the dangers of hate speech especially through blogs. They should be made to understand hate speeches can ignite conflict between different people within the learning institution. Such a conflict can be detrimental to their learning process as they will live in fear of attack from the other group. Another danger as far as this practice is concerning is the time involved. Such a time is supposed to be used to study but most of the students will spend most of their time blogging, an activity which is time consuming. This means that the student will not have enough time as they embark on an activity which is very addictive in nature. Blog when used for the right purpose can have very positive effect but when it is used to hurt other people it has some serious effect on those whom are targeted and at the same time for those who post them. We should not abuse the systems provided for us to ease the process of communication and passing relevant information rather we should utilize such opportunities ti reap as much benefits as possible. The universities can be successful in addressing this issue as they have the capacity to control what the students’ access in the networks provided by the institution. Mostly giving the students the right information can also go along way in ensuring that hate speech is not spread through the internet in form of blog. Work cited Bruns, A and Joanne J Uses of Blogs, Peter Lang, New York, (2006) Alavi, N. We Are Iran: The Persian Blogs, Soft Skull Press, New York,( 2005) Ringmar, E A Blogger Manifesto:Free speech and cesorship in the age of internet,London,Anthem Press(2007) Kline, D and Burstein, D. Blog: How the Newest Media Revolution is Changing Politics, Business, and Culture, Squibnocket Partners, (2005).

Financial Management of Cadbury Limited

Financial Management of Cadbury Limited Cadbury Public Limited Company has been a large global company in the confectionary industry. The company was acquired by Kraft Foods in February 2010. Initially, the company was known as Cadbury-Schweppes Public Limited Company before the separation of its US beverage unit which is currently known as Dr Pepper Snapple Group (Cadbury PLC, 2010, p. 5). This process was undertaken through a demerger that took place between the two firms. In 2007, the company was able to close its factory in Keynashan. 2008 saw Cadbury Public Limited Company sold its Monkhill Confectionary for  £ 58 million. As a result, 800 employees were transferred to save them from losing their jobs. From 2009, the company started replacing its cocoa butter with palm oil (Cadbury PLC, 2010, p.4). There was no major improvement in this strategy since it was supposed to enhance taste and texture with a long term target on increased consumer demand. As all this was going on, there was a general backlash from consumers. These strategies and new business approaches were mainly being tried out in New Zealand. After things failed to materialize, the company was forced to revert back to its initial cocoa butter that had been the core of its business. The company also resolved to source for cocoa beans by using good, open and recognizable trade channels which would not be questionable. Initially, the change to palm oil had reportedly cost the company over 12 million in sales (Cadbury PLC, 2010, p. 7). In January 2010, Kraft Foods decided to buyout Cadbury. Kraft Foods had made an offer to take over the company for  £ 10.2 billion. This was rejected because the company considered the price as undervalued. It was not until 2010 that a consensus was reached between the companies after a hostile bid. Kraft Foods had agreed to give out  £11.5 billion for the deal. To make this successful, it had to borrow  £7 billion (Kraft Foods, 2010, p. 8). In doing all this, the company had a vision of becoming a global confectionary leader. Kraft Foods decided to base itself in Pennsylvania. As a matter of fact it has a controlling stake in Cadbury chocolates in the United States. In laying more emphasis on this deal, the company had seen it as the best opportunity to increase its market access to a global market that has been increasing considerably over the recent years. This takeover had been widely criticized across all divides as they saw Cadbury as a very crucial company in Britains economy (Kraft Foods, 2010, p. 4). There had been a general view that this deal was putting 30,000 jobs at risk. There was a protest on the amount of advisory fees that banks were charging in overseeing this deal. A bank owned by the government (RBS) was able to finance 84% of the deal. February 2010 saw Kraft Foods finalize the deal by securing 71% of the companys shares (Kraft Foods, 2010, p. 3). It fell short of its expectations of having a 75% stake that could have made it delist Cadbury from the stock market and make it part of Kraft Foods. The company was later on able to achieve this (its targets) which led to the delisting of Cadbury from the stock market. After this, the CEO and the financial officer had to resign. Discussion Business Cadbury has an established business with operations in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand and the United states. The United Kingdom confectionary had eight factories with a staff of 3000 employees (Bradley, 2008, p. 5). In the UK some of the products it has been producing are done so under license; like the Cadbury biscuits under the license of Burton foods. From Ireland, chocolate produced is more than  £25 million (Costello, 2009, p. 4). This has been exported bringing in a lot of earnings. Its presence in the US is responsible with the manufacture of mints and gums. The companys Cadburys have been found and sold in the country but they are manufactured by Hersheys. This Cadbury can mostly be found in Hersheys stores (Bradley, 2008, p. 5). In addition to these, the company has factories in both Australia and New Zealand. To make it more effective the company has been upgrading its manufacturing plant in Claremont. In a more broad perspective, the company has a wide range of products that it has given to the market in a bid to enhance its business. In addition to these, it has its unique brands that have helped to generate enough revenues for the company. To cater for a large market, the company has more than 50 brands with 40 of them being more than 100 years old (MacAlister, 2009, p. 10). In the year 2004 after a decline in sales, the company was engaged in a restructuring program. To strengthen its business the company has been acquiring others to increase its market presence. Investors and product Cadbury has a large brand that has always given it a strong market presence. It has a long history of confectionary brands that have always been introduced every year to ensure that the market has variety to choose from. This means that every year has seen a new taste of brands. In addition, the company has beverages that have a long history from 1783 (Costello, 2009, p. 14).On the other hand it has favourite brands like Bassets and Bourn vita amongst others. Cadbury worldwide is a brand name that has established itself well in the market. The company trades its shares in the London stock exchange market. The last time before the company was acquired; its shares were trading at  £863 (Muspratt, 2009, p. 8). Its shares have been doing well in the market because of the long term strategy that had been adopted to increase its value. By investing in the company, investors have a reason to know that their investments will grow as the company has a global presence in a wide market. Kraft Foods has a wide range of brands for the market to suit the distinct and diverse tastes and preferences. These brands are spread out in more than 155 countries that the company has a presence in (Weisenthal, 2009, p. 9). Its strong brand presence has helped to build its core business in the market. With its 50 brands, the company has been able to serve a wide market satisfactorily without any problems. This has been well done to ensure that everybody has a good taste. As a result, consumers have been more passionate about their brands. The company trades its shares in the New York stock exchange market. In addition to these, those who have invested in the company are given dividends as the company has a dividend yield of 4.0 (Weisenthal, 2009, p. 19). Those who wish to be part of the company are encouraged to do so as information regarding its performance is provided. Financial market environment This environment is responsible for an effective marketing management. The two companies have had a good history in terms of their financial performance save for a few occasions. Before the acquisition, the company (Cadbury) had started outsourcing most of its activities including marketing. Because the company has a wide global presence it has spent a lot of money in marketing activities to increase its market share. This has not been resisted at all as it has been aimed at increasing its value with investors in mind. Marketing activities have got the necessary financial support to strengthen the companys brand in the market. After acquiring Cadburys, the company (Kraft) has ensured that it engages in active marketing campaigns to strengthen its presences. The company has a wide global market that is competitive. Because of this, the management has always provided a good budget for marketing activities. This can be well demonstrated in the TV commercials that the company has been running in different countries. Since the company has a presence in more than 155 countries it has ensured that its marketing is felt in every place (MacAlister, 2009, p. 15). Marketing has been done with an aim of increasing the companys market value which has helped to increase revenues. Because the company has a large financial muscle, a sizeable amount of money has been allocated to the management to ensure that its marketing activities are felt in the market. Business strategy The two companies have had progressive growth because of good business strategies. Cadburys has had a strategy of ensuring that it has presence in different markets to reach a wide base of customers (Holson, 2000, p. 9). To ensure that its manufacturing activities are not interfered with, it has plants in different countries for uninterrupted business activities. Because of a wide market, the company has ensured that it continues being innovative in giving customers new products every now and then to suit their divergent tastes and preferences (Weisenthal, 2009, p. 4). The company has adhered to healthy and safety practices to give itself a good name in the market. From its history it can be noted that it has introduced new products every year for continuity. Kraft Foods has been involved in a lot of research to come up with new products to increase its wide range of brands. The company has over 70 brands and this has made consumers more comfortable with their wide range became of choice (Holson, 2000, p. 2). Apart from this, the company has operations in more than 155 countries and this has enabled it to reach a wide market that it can sell its products to. It has also been involved in acquisitions to give it a wider market presence that the initial companies had. These activities have been done to enhance its financial position so that it can improve on its operations well (MacAlister, 2009, p. 5). To capture the attention of the market well with an impact, the company has engaged in promotions to enlighten the public about its products. These promotions have made consumers more knowledgeable about the company and its activities. Recommendations to develop Forex strategies With Forex exposures, the company has been unprotected in different areas. Because the company has a wide market presence (global), it is exposed to economic, translation and transaction Forex exposures. It can experience problems when their foreign accounts have appreciable loss. This problem can be brought about by currency devaluation and political events in different markets. It is recommendable for the company to always hold foreign currencies for the shortest time possible before conversions to avoid such problems. The company might develop a foreign sales channel as it continues going global as part of its strategy. This implies that it will have to come up with a way of hedging against any future devaluation. It will need to use Forex futures to project the future cash flows when they are denominated into the dollar as it is the globally acceptable currency for business. The new company should invest in currency exchange traded funds. This will protect it from Forex exposures with a long term approach to enhance investors value. The company has a long term strategy of increasing the value of shareholders to encourage more investments. In cases where the company feels threatened, it can sell short of the currency exchange traded funds. In addition, the company has to enhance their operational activities to develop a good Forex strategy. This means that the company must have clearly laid down responsibilities that will be reviewed by the management regularly. It will also need to have an effective Forex trading and reporting system as it has a global presence. To enhance this, the management has to ensure that there is effective reporting, centralized tracking and good uniform accounting policies in place. Data capture will also save the company from a lot of Forex exposures. This means that the accounting practices that are being used have to be accurate in presenting reports. On the other hand, the company must ensure that its business engages in solid data capture processes. Good policies have to be put in place supported by effective personnel as a way of ensuring sustainable Forex strategies. This means that all the policies that the company will engage in must be approved by the board before they can be used anywhere else. To enhance this, employees need to be well educated and informed. Conclusion The company has good prospects ahead because it has consolidated itself as a result of integrating acquisition strategy. This means that it has a high probability of attaining a wide market reach.

athletes Essay examples -- essays research papers

Different Types of Athletes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Between the indifferent and the protestor, we find a marvelous creature called an athlete whose species is varied into many different types; the marshmallow, the jelly bean, and the rock. Athletes can be found everywhere- in the classroom, locker room, the gym, the thick of the game, and in church. Places people will not find athletes are up late, in bars, missing church, in trouble, or being disrespectful to his elders. An athlete is made of wondrous stuff. Athletes have the eyes and the steadiness of an architect, the muscles of a body builder, the speed of a bullet, the reflexes of a cat, the heart of a lion, and the faith of a saint. To his coach an athlete is a modeled player, a perfectionist to be encouraged, a student to be taught, and a dream come true. To his teammates an athlete is a hard worker, unselfish, modest, determined, and understands the meaning of teamwork. To himself the athlete is never good enough, aware that he is an example to others, the reason his team lost, but never why they won. An athlete is an amazing being. People may dislike him, but you have to admire his performance; doubt his capabilities, but never his courage; question his efficiency, but never his effort. People might be able to defeat the athlete, but never make him quit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The marshmallow athletes are the ones who do not care if they are on the team or not. A marshmallow is soft on the outside and...

Evaluating Internet Sources Essay

The Internet is a great place, especially for students, because it has a vast number of information that can be used for academic purposes. Young people are very much updated when it comes to technology and prefers to do things with their gadgets and computers. Due to this, most companies and organizations have put up a website over the Internet so that they can reach out to everyone, anywhere in the world. However, putting up websites is not only for legitimate companies and organizations. As a matter of fact, anyone can create a website about anything if they know how to read and click a mouse. There are numerous websites over the Internet that are created by people who pose as someone who is knowledgeable about a certain topic but is completely the opposite when looked at closely. It is therefore important for students to learn how to evaluate Internet sources if they are valid and credible to be used for academic purposes. Robert Harris from the website Virtual Salt has come up with ways on how to evaluate Internet sources properly. He first advises researchers to determine what kind of information they are looking for because this way, it would be easier for them to screen the data that websites provide. He then goes on to say that researchers should always look out for important information that websites should provide including the author, author’s title or position, author’s organizational affiliation, date of page creation or version, and author’s contact information (Harris, 2007). These would tell a researcher if the data posted on the website is valid and accurate enough to be trusted and used. Another important thing that students need to remember is the CARS checklist, which stands for credibility, accuracy, reasonableness, and support (Harris, 2007). While credibility seems very hard to check, Harris provides ways to know if a particular source is credible. First, the author of the website or of a certain work should have his or her credentials posted on the website. Contact information should also be included. This way, people who want to communicate with the author would not have much difficulty trying to locate the author. A website can also be credible by undergoing quality control. Errors, either grammatical or technical, should make a person suspicious of the website’ credibility. Researchers should also make sure that the information on the website is accurate and up-to-date. Thus, it is very important for authors and webmasters to constantly update their websites and see if changes should be made. They should indicate when a particular site was updated and created so that researchers would know if the whole website is still being monitored by the authors. All websites that tries to provide information to the public should never be biased. Content should be written with fairness and moderateness, according to Harris. He indicates that if there is some hint of one-sidedness, researchers should think twice whether they should trust the website or not. Finally, information is always better if there are evidences that can support it. This is not to say that every website should have supporting material just for them to be considered â€Å"valid† in terms of evaluating them. However, there are some things that need support including statistical data or current events and certain things that people say should be documented especially if they are known people. Many students are not aware that there are websites and other electronic types of information that should not be used for academic works. Some professors do not even allow their students to lift material from the Internet because of the damage it brings to their works. Still, it is hard for them to restrict students from Internet usage and this is why students and other researchers should learn how to evaluate Internet sources properly. Reference Harris, R. (2007, June 15). Evaluating Internet Research Sources. Retrieved September 15, 2008, from http://www. virtualsalt. com/evalu8it. htm