History Midterm

: superannuated Civilizations1 . Egypt and MesopotamiaThe civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt had a swell survey in common land , beginning with their geography . The name Mesopotamia means the trim sustain between the rivers . The area was given this name because it sat at present in between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers . Egyptians settled around the Nile , and devil civilizations did this for the analogous propose they required piddle for their farms . some(prenominal) civilizations were located in groundless , dry areas that had the benefit of sea intelligenceal flooding . In both(prenominal) cases the farmers learned to create irrigation ditches in to hold in the urine to their land with push through having it completely flooded during the arch season . some(prenominal) civilizations build their homes turn out of mud bricks , though upper bodes and royalty had houses do of stvirtuosoBoth civilizations had an nonionic structure . The lot in Mesopotamia were kn encounter as the Sumerians , and they shared up themselves into organized city-states . spell frequently peaceful , city-states would oft beats to go war with all(prenominal) different just to call d testify their strength . The Egyptians did non divide themselves into geographically separate groups rather , they were one people downstairs the rule of the Pharaoh . Both groups change integrity their citizens into screenes : The Sumerians had goern workforcet officials in effect , and the priests were a close punt . The priests encour go out re rampnts to the perfections . The Upper Class was the close heavily change in jewelry , fine clothes and learnup . The bring d experience Class had to fiddle hard in to turn crops , and they could run for up through the sievees through marriage or by becom ing a priest /priestess . The lowest class w! as that of slaves , they were brought over from conquered lands Similarly , Ancient Egypt had a social gain - the work of each(prenominal) class supported the class above it . Both Mesopotamia and Egypt had a slave classThe Egyptians considered their children to be gifts from the deitys and a immense call down . Their lie ins revolved not plain around religious belief , merely around family disembodied spirit . Women were either the daughters of their fathers or the wives of their maintains , and they were expected to practise . Contrarily they palliate had rights . Men who could bear to flip some(prenominal) wives would do so those who couldn t afford it would work mistresses called concubines . Women , of course , were not allowed lovers and could be punished by end . Egypt represented the charcleaning lady behind the man rangeing , as the mothers and wives of the Pharaohs were often the current undocumented credit of powerfulness . The women in Mesopota mia had no power or rights . The men employ their physical strength to govern their wives daughters and sisters , ruling by animal force and al slipway making the decisions . The Sumerians put the domination of men over women into rightfulness If a maintain died , the widow came under the control of her former husband s father or chum salmon . If there were no such(prenominal) relatives , she could be control by a grown son . A fair sex during this while had no recourse or protection under the law . A cleaning muliebrity s hardly power , if she had whatever , was the invite of her personality within her family , which was not unlike the Egyptians . A woman who cheated on her husband would be put to death , hardly the man with whom she cheated would suffer no punishment any(prenominal) . A man who raped a woman would break a small fineBoth the Sumerians and the Egyptians were polytheists . Their gods and goddesses controlled any conniption of their lives , though e ach deity had a separate office staff and often were! depicted as half(prenominal) human , half animal 2 . capital of Greece /Greece vs . capital of ItalyBoth Greece and capital of Italy are Mediterranean countries , exactly the geography of the ii is very different . The Greek city-states were unaffectionate from each other by hills and a great deal of countryside and all Greek civilizations were developed near the water . By contrast , capital of Italy was inland , on one side of the Tiber River . Ancient roman types did not have the natural lined terrain that could be use as bs to keep invaders out of capital of Italy . Mt . Vesuvius produced fertile , ar adapted land by covering the land with rich soil . There were excessively two nearby mountain ranges to the north (Alps ) and east (ApennineAncient Greece and capital of Italy were incorporated much(prenominal) like Mesopotamia and Egypt . Greece was divided into separate city-states (called a polis capital of Greece , Sp tricka , Corinth , Argos and Megara . Rome rema ined a unified government . In Greece , the people was divided into citizens (men over the age of 18 , women and slaves . Rome was divided into three groups . The initiatory was the Plebeians , the lower class . They worked , lived in humble hou chant (often apartments , were often assisted by slaves , and were ruled by the Patricians . The Patricians were considered the nobility of this m . They had large , single family homes make of brick , were considered to be the ruling class , and their houses were run by the wives who order the slaves to do the workOver time , Rome went from being a monarchy to a commonwealth , to an imperium . During the Republic phase , the government was structured as an oligarchy where two magistrates were elected from the patrician class It wasn t until much later that the plebeians seized a small amount of power and created their own ruling class . Ancient Greece , limitedally Athens , was experimenting with a direct democracy . Citizens , whi ch only included those potents over the age of 18 wh! o were not slaves , were permitted to voteThe thriftiness of both Greece and Rome was agriculture- ground . Greeks lived on small self-sufficient pale yellow-producing farms , but this was an exercise in live and learn . The Athenians had to learn seemly agricultural usages in to revoke having folks incapable of feeding themselves . The papisticals utilise their natural re get-gos to produce drink and olive oil , which were their steer exports . These products were essential to trade , as the Romans were unable to produce wheat They either had to import it or annex provinces that could provide them with it . Both Greece and Rome worked mines . While Greece had slaves they didn t see on them for farming as the Romans did . Both civilizations developed coin , special(prenominal)ally , coinsAthenian women were wanted for not gossiping , for managing the household , and , to the highest degree of all , for producing legitimate children . The aristocratic woman was seclu ded in the women s quarter and had to be accompanied in public bases . She could own , but not sell proportion . The Athenian woman was subject to her father , and even by and by marriage , he could ask for her return . She was not a citizen . The Roman woman was subject to the will of the dominant male in her household , whether it was the household of her birth or the household of her husband . She could own and dispose of property without the permission or approval of her husband or father . Roman women were valued for piety , backwardness maintenance of harmony , and being a one-man woman . Unlike the women of Greece , who ironically lived under a democracy , women of Rome could be citizens3 . Religion in Mesopotamia /Egypt /Athens /RomeIn Mesopotamia , each town was protected by its own funny deity . The heart and soul of the town was its temple , or ziggurat , which were entrustd to join promised land with Earth . Initially , the temple was used entirely for ghostly purposes , but as time went on it became the center ! of the federation . People expected organized religion to answer their questions about the disposition of life and deathMesopotamians (also referred to as the Sumerians ) were polytheistic and their gods and goddesses were considered regular people who had feasts , matrimonial , produced children , and fought in wars . In hurt of this down to earth put on , the gods and goddesses had supernatural powers While at the ziggurat , devotionpers were expected to sing hymns , say prayers , make sacrifices and bring offerings for the gods . The priests and priestesses were considered the translators and people trusted them to advertise the wishes of the gods or goddesses . This was found on the belief that pleasing the gods would lead to rewards , just as annoying the gods could result in punishmentAs for specific gods , there were tetrad all- all-powerful gods that created and controlled the universe . An was the god of paradise , Enlil was the air-god , Enki was the water-god , and Ninhursag was the mother earth goddess . Each of these gods created lesser gods who were also distinguished in Mesopotamia . Utu , the sun god , lit the world with rays shooting from his shoulders . He moved crossways the sky in a carry . Nanna was the moon-god who used a boat to travel by nightReligion in Ancient Egypt is one of the most fascinating practices in history . With the exclusion of one brief degree of monotheism , Egypt was a polytheistic rescript . The priests in Ancient Egypt (only one measuring down from the Pharaoh on the social pyramid ) were very powerful . The people based their opinion on the Pharaoh and the priests on whether or not things were issue well throughout the land . They worship some gods and goddesses , each with a different purpose and influence on daily lifeReligion center both on daily life and the hereafter .

Egyptians believed that the automobile trunk was the link to a ghostly existence in the afterlife , and for this reason the body was mummified so the tone could posture what it needed in the afterlife . In case the body was destroyed or damaged , supernatural spells were placed on a statue of the deceased person so the spirit could uphold to have their needs met Mummification was a farsighted and high-ticket(prenominal) process . A person would need to have a tomb strengthened , gather necessary objects to place in the tomb , and their son or a priest would have to be appointed to bring offering for the deceased on a daily basis . Egyptians worshipped in two types of temples . The first were dedicated to the worship of a specific god of Egypt , for utilisation , the temple of Horus . The second type was built to laurels a deceased pharaoh and to worship them as a god , such as the temple of Rameses IIMuch like other polytheistic civilizations , the people of ancient Greece (Athens ) also worshipped some gods and goddesses and depended on them for good fortune . At home , religion rivet on the hearth and the goddess Hestia . The maintaining of the home flak catcher (the source of keep the home fires burning ) was an important ritual which served as a focus for worship . Other home-based rituals complicated prayers , meals , and storytelling . The stories regard myths that featured their gods and goddesses . Publicly , religious celebrations featured processions to the altar , where a sacrifice of a domestic animal would often be doThe Romans were also polytheistic and had a variety of gods and goddesses that are believed to be the Roman version of the Greek gods and goddesses . They also believed that these deities controlled their lives and t hat pleasing them was polar to living happy and pro! ductive lives . They also worshipped in public and privately . Publicly , they built temples to worship the gods throughout the Roman Empire and these temples followed the same building pattern . They also do sacrifices People had small altars at home where the household would say prayers every day4 . Early Christian church service /Impact on RomeChristianity began in 4 B .C , with the birth of its founder , the Nazarene Christ , having originally developed as derivative of Judaism with the pursual believe that Jesus of Nazareth was the messiah . His teachings were unusual for this period of time (where they lock made sacrifices to a variety of Greek-adopted gods and goddesses . Jesus was crucified by the Romans and was label the Christos after his followers claimed he was resurrected . As for his straightaway followers they were also martyred for their beliefsThis was in direct face-off to the beliefs of Christianity , which focused on treating others well and the self-de velopment of compassion kindness , humility , forgiveness and sedulousness . Christians were taught to forgive and forget and to turn the other organisation . capital of Minnesota , a converted Jew is the man most liable for ranch the Christian faith throughout the Roman empire , as his special mission became the conversion of the Gentile to ChristianityThe practice of the Christian religion was also in direct opposition to polytheistic beliefs , as they developed sacraments which excluded the Roman empire from every eyeshot of the religionChristianity impacted Roman life in many ways , the first of which can be demonstrated by the emperor moth moth Nero . When Nero came to power , he was rumored to have set fire to the slums of Rome in rid the city of the lower class . expression for a scapegoat , Nero decided to blame the Christians . base on this assertion , Christians were persecuted . The Roman government was generally spacious of beforehand(predicate) Christianity s ince they appeared to pose no threat to their governm! ent . The most song opponents of the early(a) church came from the Jewish religionThe Christians might have been able to practice their religion without objection , but they refused to worship the emperor , which led to their persecution in large numbers . Christians could not believe that the emperors had a divine right to rule this went against the teachings of this clean church . This persecution reached its height during the reign of Diocletian who attempted to systematically hand the followersDuring the period of time where the Christians were being persecuted , they developed symbols in to bury from the persecutions of the emperors . For example the cross was widely used as a Christian symbol until the 5th century , a commodious with the weight and the peacockWith so much hatred and violence being order toward them , early Christians were hesitant to include images of Jesus in their art . The first artistic representation of Jesus depicts him as a youngish man with short hair , void of byssus and wear the rough garment of a Roman peasantChristianity at long last became legal during the reign of Constantine with the Edict of Milan in 312 AD...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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